Telegraphy and telephony by submarine cables, long-distance overhead lines, and the like.



J. SCHIESSLER. TELEGRAPHY AND TELEPHONY BY SUBMARINE CABLES, LONGDISTIANCE OVERHEAD LINES, AND THE. LIKE. APPLICAHON man FEB. 7. 1912.

Patented Apr. 11, 1916.

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J. SCHIESSLER. TELEGRAPHY AND TELEPHONY BY SUBMARINE CABLES, LONGDISTANCE OVERHEAD Patented Apr. 11, 1916.

3 SHEETSSHEET 2 LINES, AND THE LIKE. APPLICATION FILED ms. 7.1912.

J. SCHIESSLER. TELEGRAPHY AND TELEPHONY BY SUBMARINE CABLES, LONGDISTANCE OVERHEAD LlNES, AND THE LIKE. APPLICATION FILED FEB. 1,1912- 1178,878. Patented Apr. 11, 1916.

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Figa- 2 9 W W W UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

' I JOSEF SCHIESSLER, OF BADEN, NEAR VIENNA, AUSTRIA-HUNGARY.

TELEGRAPHY AND TELEPHONY BY SUBMARINE GABLES, LONG-DISTANCE OVERHEADLINES, AND THE LIKE.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Apr. 11, 1916.

Application filed February 7, 1912. Serial No. 675,990.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, Josnr ScnIEssLnn, subject of the Emperor ofrhistl'ia-Hungary, residing at Baden, near Vienna, Austria- Hungary,have invented certain new and useful Improvements in lelegraphy andTelephony by Submarine Cables, Long-D15- tance Overhead Lines, and thelike, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to apparatus for electric telegraphy andtelephony, and has for its object to provide new and improved receivingapparatus especially sultable for use on long distance lines, cables andthe like.

The principle on which apparatus according to this invention is basedconsists 1n maintaining an oscillatory member in forced equlibrium bymeans of a number of forces, some or all of whichare magnetic forces andwhich act on the said member simultaneously, the said equilibrium beingdisturbed by means of the line currents acting on one of the magneticforces and alternately strengthening and weakening its intensity.

The. invention is illustrated in the accompanying drawings, in whichlike parts are similarly designated.

Figure 1 shows an apparatus for receiving telegraphic or telephonicmessages. Figs. 2 to 5 illustrate modifications thereof. Fig. 6 is atlilIlSfOl'll'lQI' coil used in this system, and Fig. 7 is a crosssection through a magnet of fixation preferably used in connection withthe arrangen'lents illustrated in Figs. 1 to Referring to thedrawings-Figs. 1 to 5 show several modifications of an apparatus forreceiving and at the same time reinforcing telephonic messages. Theconstructional form of the apparatus shown in Fig. 1 comprises apermanent horse shoe magnet having two legs of unequal length. on thelonger leg 51 of which is mounted a hollow. soft iron core 49, whichcarries the coil 50. In this hollow core 49 is inserted a second core49". which can be adjusted in its position relative to the first bymeans of a screw with a milled head 54. An iron rod is slidable on bothlegs of the horse shoe magnet,

regulate the polarization; that is to say, the amount of magnetic forceavailable in the poles of the horse shoe magnet, and therefore in thesoft iron cores 49 and 49 On the other leg of the horse shoe magnet ismounted a soft iron plate 56, carrying a hollow soft iron core 58 and asecond soft iron core 59 slidable Within said hollow core. The secondsoft iron core can be adjusted by the screw 60 which has a milled head.The iron core 58 is provided with a coil of thin wire 57, which leads tothe terminals 61 and 62 where the line currents are applied. In front ofthe soft iron core 58 is positioned an armature 47 which is carried bythe longer arm of a bell-crank lever 46 the shorter arm of which isfastened to the diaphragm of a microphone. At the end of the longer armof said bell crank lever is a second soft iron armature 48, situatedopposite the end of the core 49, which may be of any suitable shape, butpreferably has a cylindrical body formed with a cone at its outer end.The diaphragm 32 on which the bell crank lever 46 is fastened, may bemade of any resilient material, and at its inner face carries a centraliron disk (unless it is made as a whole of an iron plate). It isprovided with a contact 33 which cooperates with an adjustable contact34 preferably made of carbon and mounted on a little brass screw 36.which may be adjusted by means of its milled head The position of thishead is maintained by means of the set screw 35 which can enter any oneof a series of holes 35 provided in the head 35, and is fastened in thebar magnet 37 that carries the whole microphone structure. The brassscrew 36 is movable in ,a soft iron core 38 mounted on the pole of thismagnet and carries the microphone coil 39. The bar magnet is fastenedwith screws 41 or otherwise on an upright 42 of brass on which also theaforementioned horse shoe magnet with its structure is mounted. Oppositethe core 59 and the armature 47 of the bell crank lever is a permanentmagnet 43. adjustably mounted on the upright. the adjustment beingperformed by means of the screw 44. The terminals 61 and (H areconnected with a local source of current. This circuit may be tracedfrom terminal 64 over coil 50, wire 63, diaphragm 32, contact 33, carboncontact 34, hollow iron core 8 and magnet iron 37, through a shortconnection piece 40 to the microphone C011- 39, and by means of wire 65back to termmal 64 and to battery.

The apparatus shown, whlch has been described as a receiver, may, withonly sllght changes be used as a transmitter. Then 1nstead of the softiron core 59 with headed screw 60, a mouth piece may be inserted forconducting the sound waves to the armature plate 47, which therefore,together with the bell crank lever 46 will oscillate rythmlcally inaccordance to the sound oscillations. An apparatus of this kind has beenfound to be very sensitive, and of course is also sensitive tooscillations coming from outside; therefore it must be rendered soundinsulated by placing it on cork or India rubber.

A very good insulation against oscillations from without is a so-calledCardan suspension. Fig. 2 shows an apparatus of this kind, which at thesame time is slightly modified with respect to Fig. 1, and isconstructed symmetrically with respect to its middle axis, and iscapable of being suspended on two pivots 117, made of chilled andpolished steel.

As can be seen from the drawing, the two microphones are identical tothat of Fig. 1; only instead of abell-crank lever,aT-shaped lever 46 isused, attached to both diaphragms of both microphones with itshorizontal arm. The magnet 113 for fixation of the lever is alsoidentical to that of Fig. 1, but in this case is not mounted on thehorse shoe magnet, but, for better symmetry, on two adjacent bar magnets111 and 112 having their similar poles directed toward each other, andwhich surround the hollow soft iron core 114. The armature 47 is actedupon by two magnets 108, provided with a hollow soft iron core 107, inwhich-a second slidable core 107 is introduced, this second core beingadjustable by means of a screw 44. These cores can be magnetized by theinductive action of a permanent magnet, as in Fig. 1, or, as shown inFig. 2, the polarization may only be efl'ected temporarily by mantle ortubular magnets arranged in the middle of a closed frame-108 common toboth magnets. The mantle of the said magnets is provided with slots 108and the hollow cores 107 protrude for about one third of their lengthfrom these mantles. The coils of these magnets may be connected inseries or in parallel. The line currents are introduced at the terminals109 and 110. while the local current source is connected to terminals121 and 122. The local circuit can therefore be traced from terminal 121through the microphones in series or in parallel, through conductor 120and magnet of fixation 113 to the other terminal 122.

In Fig. 3 another modification with two microphones is shown, in which asteel spring or wire 73 with a central plate, disk or the like, is used.The steel spring is attached to the diaphragms of the microphones, eachof which can be adjusted in the uprights 67 and 68, respectively, in itsposition by means of a screw with a milled head, 69 and 70,respectively, so as to regulate the tension of the steel spring 73.Beneath this steel spring is arranged the line coil 74 on a cross piece66, the hollow soft iron core of which is mounted onone leg of apermanent horse shoe magnet 76. Vithin the hollow core 79 of the coil 74is a second core 80, adjustable by means of a screw 75. The horse shoemagnet 76 is shown in Fig. 3 with its poles turned toward the observer.The other leg of this magnet carries a soft iron screw 77 magnetized byinfluence from the horse shoe magnet 76, and this screw 77 is providedas a damping magnet for the oscillations of the steel spring. The horseshoe magnet is provided with an iron rod 55, pivotally connected at 55with one of its legs, to regulate the intensity of its magnetic field,as has been explained with reference to Fig. 1. The line currents areapplied to the terminals 64 and 64 and from these flow through the coil74. The local circuit can be traced from terminal 90 over conductor 81to the microphone, and over conductor 92 through upright 67, cross piece66, upright 68, or a special conductor, to the conductor 92 and themicrophone, and back to the terminal 91.

Fig. 4 shows another modification of the arrangement, in which the steelspring 73 carries the microphone contact. For this purpose it carries acontact plate 104, furnished with a contact, while the other contact isformed by the carbon plate 101 mounted in abrass frame 100, which isfrictionally mounted on the spindle 99, so that it can be turned with acertain amount of force. The spindle 99 is adjustable by means of ascrew 102. As shown in Fig. 4 the contact 104 is arranged eccentricallywith respect to the carbon contact disk 101, which can be turned up bymeans of the milled head 100 on the frame 100. The steel spring 73 ismounted on the magnet 53 by means of insulating fiber plates 7 3, whileit is fastened at its other end at 93 to an adjustable screw-spindle. Bythis means its tension can be regulated. The line currents which enterat the terminals 96, 96 pass through the line magnet 50, whereby avariable attraction is exerted on the steel spring. The local currententers at terminal 95 and passes over wire 94 and screw 93 to the steelspring 73; from contact 104 on the steel spring to the carbon contact101, thus forming a transitional resistance between the two contacts;from the second contact 101 the current flows through the brass spindle99, binding post 98, wire 97, which may be substituted by a (lermansilver spring, to the second terminal 95.

Fig. 5 shows a modification of the arrangement of Fig. 3; with thisarrangement the iron rod 140 between the diaphragms of the microphones71 and 72 is fixed in the upright 143 about its middle part. The twocoils 141 and 142 are arranged co-axially to this rod so as to magnetizesaid rod lengthwise, which causes rythmical longitudinal oscillations ofthe rod. These oscillations of the rod cause the diaphragms of themicrophones 71 and 72 to oscillate therewith in accordance to thelongitudinal oscillations of the rod. The line currents entering at 145go through the coils 141 and 142 in series, and back to terminal 146.The local circuit can be traced from terminal 90 through conductor 81 tothe microphone 71, conductor 92, upright 67, cross piece 66, upright 68,conductor 92, microphone 72, back to terminal 91.

In all the arrangements described, the parts of which are, of course,interchangeable at will, combinations between the modificationsdescribed and the parts thereof are possible.

Special care must be paid to the contacts which form the transitionalresistances. They may be of metallic or non-metallic substances. Forexample, one of the contacts may be of rectifying material, as pyrites,blendes or glances, while the other contact is made of some alloy, suchas delta metal, a manganese copper iron zinc alloy, Muntzs or yellowmetal, both copper zinc alloys, or the like, or of some platinum alloy.On one side also hygroscopic mixtures may be used as contacts, as, forinstance, a paste of graphite, silundum, a carborundum compound,selenium or the like, with litharge, chlorids of magnesium or the like.Very good contacts are also obtained by chilled and polished steelballs, such as are used in bicycle bearings, which have been pressed in,the other contact then being of hard carbon, of a good conductivity,held in a brass frame. Such contacts are extremely sensitive, as hasbeen proved by experience.

The transformer coils used throughout the apparatus described, are shownin Fig. 6. The coil is flat. and the primary winding 148 is suppliedwith current at the terminals 147, 147. The secondary winding lies'beneath the primary winding and is connected with the terminals 149 and149*. The coil is further provided with an iron core. subdivided notonly lengthwise but also in the transverse direction. the elements thusformed being magnetically insulated from each other; thus owing to thetransverse subdivision the primary winding is laid over main.

numerous joints. The coil is then provided with an insulated iron wire,preferably an enameled wire, wound all over the coil, which may begrounded when wound in the same direction as the other windings toannihilate the eddy currents. \Vhen the iron wire is wound lengthwiseover the coil, no eddy currents at all will occur, because of crossingwires.

In Fig. 7 is shown a form of execution of a magnet of fixation which maybe used in connection with any one of the arrangements described, when avery powerful action is required. The magnet shown is arranged for acurrent of high voltage, and may be used connected to any power line orlighting If such is not obtainable the magnetic force is increased byconstructing a magnetic magazine consisting of a series of magnetictubes concentrically fitting one into the other, and being of differentlengths. In the former case a coil 154 of comparatively small diameteris arranged on a soft iron plate 152, which forms the base of themagnet. This coil is provided with an iron core 153. The electro-magnetthus formed and excited by the currents of the power line, forms thecore of a second magnet, which consists of a coil 155 of greaterdiameter wound over the first, the height of this coil 155 being onlyabout one-third that of the coil 154. Over this large coil is placed amantle of iron, 156. Thus a very powerful action of the magnets may beobtained.

The operation of the apparatus described is as follows: The apparatus(Figs. 1 to 5) is first adjusted to resonance with the frequency of theoscillations to be received. This adjustment is performed by means ofthe adjustable soft iron cores. The bell crank lever 46 (Fig. l)carrying the armatures, acts under the influence of three orthogonalmagnetic forces, and thereby obtains a resultant position ofequilibrium, which position may be varied at will by means of adjustmentof the iron cores. The magnetic polarization, that is to say, theamountof magnetic force acting on the lever 46 is then regulated bymeans of the iron rod This adjustment is made previously to the incomingof oscillations. If now, these oscillations, transformed into undulatorycurrents, pass through coil 57 they act upon the iron cores- 58 and 59magnetized by influence from the permanent magnet and alternately weakenand strengthen their magnetic force. Thus the equilibrium is disturbedand the steel spring 46 is set into vibrations which correspond to theoscillations of the line current. These vibrations are imparted to thediaphragm 32. and even multiplied in accordance to the ratio of thelength of the lever arms. and thus strengthened undulations are obtainedin the local circuit. These undulations alter the polarization of theiron core 38 and thereby the attractive force is exercised on thediaphragm, which in its turn reacts on the transitional resistance 33 3tand on the current, thus strengthening the feeble impulses. ()n theother hand, magnet 50 lies also in this undulating current. and therebyexercises a variable force on the armature 48 and on the diaphragm 32.The result is a second reaction, which also will strengthen theundulations of the local current, thus obtaining very marked andpowerful undulations which can be utilized to reproduce the signals inany way that is desired, say by a Morse ink writer, or a telephone. Ifthis arrangement is used as a transmitter, the coil 57 is replaced by amouth piece, as has been stated previously, and the equilibrium of thesteel spring 46 is disturbed either directly by the sound Waves, orindirectly by a diaphragm which transmits its vibrations to the armature47 by means of some mechanical connection, say an aluminium wire, or bysome fluid. The effect thus obtained is the same as has just beenexplained. If apparatus of the kind shown in Figs. 2 to 5 are used, theoperation is exactly the same, and need not be explained further.

Of course, parts of all the arrangements described may be interchanged,and other arrangements and modifications will appear to those skilled inthe art, without departing from the scope of the invention.

I claim 1. In an apparatus for relaying electrical currents, thecombination of a microphone having a diaphragm embodied in a localcircuit, an oscillating lever attached to said diaphragm, permanentmagnets arranged toform a magnetic circuit, said lever forming part ofsaid circuit, a line circuit coil adjustably mounted on one of saidmagnets and means for damping the oscillations of the lever.

2. In an apparatus for relaying electrical currents, the combination ofa single contact microphone and a telephone both having one and the samediaphragm, the winding of the telephone and the microphone contactsbeing embodied in a local circuit, an oscillating lever attached to saiddiaphragm, permanent magnets arranged to form part of a magneticcircuit, another part of said circuit being formed bv the oscillatinglever, a line circuit coil adjustably mounted on the leg of one of saidmagnets and acting magnetically on the oscillating lever, and means fordamping the oscillations of said lever.

3. In an apparatus for relaying electrical currents. the combination ofa single contact microphone with a telephone, both having one and thesame diaphragm, an oscillating lever attached thereto, an electromagnetfor damping the oscillations of said lever, said electromagnet beingincluded in a local circuit in series with the telephonic coil and themicrophone, permanent magnets arranged to form part of a magneticcircuit, another part of said circuit being formed by the oscillatinglever, a line circuit coil adjustably mounted on the leg of one of saidmagnets and acting magnetically on the oscillating lever, and means fordamping the oscillations of said lever.

4.. In an apparatus for relaying electrical currents, the combination ofmicrophones with telephones, an oscillating lever attached to thediaphragms thereof, permanent magnets to form a magnetic circuit, saidoscillating lever being one part of said circuit, an armature on saidlever, magnets in magnetic connection with the aforesaid magnets to actupon said armature, one of saidma nets being provided with a coilincluded 1n the circuit of the line currents and means 1:0 damp theoscillations of said oscillating ever.

5. In an apparatus for relaying electrical currents, the combination .ofmicrophones with telephones, with common diaphragms, an oscillatinglever attached to the diaphragms, permanent magnets to form a magneticcircuit, said oscillating lever being one part of said magnetic circuit,armatures on said lever, one armature being attached at its free end,coils, the cores of which are in connection with said magnetic circuit,adapted to be traversed by the line currents and acting upon one of saidarmatures, and an electromagnet acting upon the end armature for dampingthe oscillations thereof,

said electromagnet being included with the microphones and telephones inseries in a. local relay circuit.

6. In a telegraph and telephone system, a microphone system comprising asingle pole telephone and a single contact microphone in series, adiaphragm common to both of them, a lever connected to the diaphragm,two polarized magnets at right angles to the lever, both traversed byline currents and both having adjustable cores.

7 In a telegraph and telephone system, a microphone system having twodiaphragms, means for connecting them, a lever connected to saidconnectingmeans, and electromagnetic means controlled by currentimpulses for moving the lever.

8. In a telegraph and telephone system, a microphone system having twomicrophones, means for electrically connecting them, a diaphragm foreach microphone, means for mechanically connecting the diaphragms, alever connected tothe connecting means and orthogonal electromagneticmeans controlled by contact variations to move the lever in accordancewith said variations.

9. In a telegraph and telephone system, a diaphragm, a lever foractuating the same,

oppositely arranged electromagnets between my hand in presence of twosubscribing witwhich said lever vibrates and through which nesses.

line pulsations pass a third electromagnet 7 below the lever trai ersedby local current JOSEF SCHIESSLER' 5 and means to pivotally mount theassem- Witnesses:

blage. AUGUST FUGGER,

In testimony whereof I have hereunto set ADA MARIA BERGER.

